The name Corfù is a Venetian and Italian model of the Byzantine Κορυφώ (Koryphō), which means “metropolis of the peaks”. In 2007, the city’s old town was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Record, following a advice by ICOMOS. Corfu is the origin of the Ionian Academy, the primary college of the modern Greek state, and the Nobile Teatro di San Giacomo di Corfù, krikya the primary Greek theatre and opera house of modern Greece. In November 1815 Corfu came under British rule following the Napoleonic Wars, and in 1864 was ceded to trendy Greece by the British government along with the remaining islands of the Usa of the Ionian Islands underneath the Treaty of London.
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Many among the local inhabitants at the time offered shelter and refuge to these 200 Jews who managed to flee the Nazis. In early June 1944, whereas the Allies bombed Corfu as a diversion from the Normandy landings, the Gestapo rounded up the Jews of the town, quickly incarcerated them on the old fort (Palaio Frourio), and on 10 June despatched them to Auschwitz II, where most of them were murdered by gasoline. Corfu’s mayor on the time, Kollas, was a known collaborator and numerous anti-semitic laws had been passed by the Nazi occupation authorities of the island. The Nazi bombing raids destroyed a lot of the city’s buildings, together with churches, properties, and whole metropolis blocks, especially in the Jewish quarter Evraiki. They administered Corfu and the Ionian islands as a separate entity from Greece until September 1943, following Benito Mussolini’s orders of fulfilling Italian Irredentism and making Corfu a part of the Kingdom of Italy.
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In several parts of the old city, buildings of the Venetian period are to be discovered. The Park of Mon Repos is built on a part of the Palaiopolis of Kerkyra, where excavations had been performed by the Greek Archaeological Service in collaboration with academics and universities internationally. After World War II and the Greek Civil Warfare, the island was rebuilt underneath the overall programme of reconstruction of the Greek Authorities (Ανοικοδόμησις) and many parts of its classical architecture stay. A large minefield was laid there shortly afterwards by the newly communist Albania and gave rise to the Corfu Channel Incident.
- From 1386 to 1797, Corfu was ruled by Venetian the Aristocracy; a lot of town displays this period when the island belonged to the Republic of Venice, with multi-storeyed buildings on slim lanes.
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- The metope of the temple was in all probability embellished, since remnants of reliefs that includes Achilles and Memnon were found in the ancient ruins.
- Following a counterattack by the Venetian-Corfiot forces, the Ottoman troops have been compelled to leave the city sailing away.
- Medieval castles punctuating strategic areas throughout the island are a legacy of struggles within the Center Ages in opposition to invasions by pirates and the Ottomans.
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It is situated at the high of the highest peak of the island’s shoreline, close to Palaiokastritsa, and built on notably precipitous and rocky terrain. These events happen amidst the traditional fortifications, with the Ionian Sea in the background. The old citadel (in Greek Palaio Frourio (Παλαιό Φρούριο) is an old Venetian fortress constructed on a synthetic islet with fortifications surrounding its entire perimeter, although some sections, significantly on the east facet, are slowly being eroded and falling into the sea. The castles of Corfu, positioned at strategic factors on the island helped defend the island from many invaders and so they had been instrumental in repulsing repeated Turkish invasions, making Corfu one of many few places in Greece by no means to be conquered by the Ottomans. Menecrates was the ambassador of ancient Korkyra to Oeiantheia, modern-day Galaxidi or Ozolian Locris, and he was lost at sea.
As a end result, Corfu’s capital has been formally declared a kastropolis (“citadel city”) by the Greek government. Two of those castles enclose its capital, which is the one metropolis in Greece to be surrounded in such a way. Historical Korkyra took part in the Battle of Sybota which was a catalyst for the Peloponnesian Warfare, and, in accordance with Thucydides, the biggest naval battle between Greek city states till that time. Owing to the limitations of being constructed inside fortifications, the cobblestone streets of Corfu, known as “kantounia” (καντούνια), are sometimes slim, generally too slim for vehicular traffic.
In Accordance to an Ancient Greek inscription discovered on the grave, the tomb was a monument built by the traditional Korkyreans in honour of their proxenos (ambassador) Menecrates, son of Tlasios, from Oeiantheia. The tomb and the lion have been found in an area which was part of the necropolis of historic Korkyra, which was found by the British military at the time. Constructed on the top of Analipsis Hill, Hera’s sanctuary was extremely visible to ships approaching the waterfront of the traditional city of Korkyra. The Corfu temple structure might have influenced the design of an archaic sanctuary construction found on the Sant’Omobono archaeological site in Rome, dating from the time of the Etruscans, which contains related design parts. The metope of the temple was most likely decorated, since remnants of reliefs that includes Achilles and Memnon have been found within the historical ruins.